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Sustainable bioplastic for Personal Protection Equipment

Completed

MEDIFLEX – Human-Centred Design for Sustainable Personal Protection Equipment

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is used to protect against health risks in the workplace and the environment. The global PPE market was projected to be worth $56.3 billion in 2020 and increase to $92.9 billion by 2027 (CAGR 8.7%) due to a growing awareness of the need for employee protection. The World Health Organization has projected that PPE supplies will need to increase by 40 per cent monthly to meet demand during the Covid-19 pandemic. In the UK, this equates to over 5 billion items that will require disposal during 2020 alone. Many of these items are made of plastics derived from oil which do not biodegrade and breakdown and further contaminate the environment.

The project will address the environmental, healthcare and business needs for sustainably produced, fossil-carbon free, single-use PPE. Concerns about PPE items ending up in conventional waste streams or being dumped in the open air have also been raised. Already, some 8 million tonnes of plastics enter our oceans every year, adding to the estimated 150 million tonnes already circulating in marine environments. The disposal of single-use PPE used in clinical settings by incineration prevents the spread of infection, however, this adds to the global atmospheric fossil CO2 burden which contributes to climate change.

The technological challenge is to develop sustainable materials for use in clinical PPE applications that do not contribute to global warming when incinerated or contaminate the environment if disposed of incorrectly. The use of these materials will provide a green solution and aligns with the end-users requirement for the PPE. An innovative solution to enable sustainable local production with environmental, economic and health benefits for the UK is proposed. Replacement of single-use PPE based on flexible plastic films such as aprons can be potentially achieved with bioplastics derived from agri-food by-products. The project will evaluate the needs of users in the healthcare sector so that options for replacement of current plastic PPE can be established.


Meet the Principal Investigator(s) for the project

Dr Eujin Pei
Dr Eujin Pei - Academic Background Eujin is a Full Professor in Additive Manufacturing. He is the Associate Dean at the College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences (CEDPS), providing strategic leadership to ensure academic quality and standards across programmes within the college. As Director of the BSc Product Design Engineering Programme, Eujin combines academic excellence with his practical expertise, underpinned by his Chartered Engineer (CEng), Chartered Environmentalist (CEnv), and Chartered Technological Product Designer (CTPD) accreditations. Eujin is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering Designers (FIED). As a Product Design Engineer during the early days of his career, he developed solutions for companies including Motorola, Inc., LM Ericsson, Sennheiser GmbH & Co. KG, and Rentokil Initial. These experiences inform his academic and professional pursuits, blending industry knowledge with cutting-edge research. International Scholarly Impact and Research Highlights 1. Eujin leads the Additive Manufacturing & 4D Printing Research Group and serves as Co-Director of the Brunel Centre for Digital Manufacturing. His research focuses on shape memory materials, design and sustainable additive manufacturing technologies. He is an expert in Design for Additive Manufacturing and 4D Printing. He has a successful track record as Principal Investigator and Work Package Leader for high-impact research grants in the field and a Theme Leader in the EPSRC Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) Network. 2. The EU-funded MULTHEM project explores Additive Manufacturing to create lightweight, thermally efficient components by combining metal alloys and carbon fibre composites (CFC). Collaborating with project partners, he contributed to advancing knowledge on how design geometries influence part mechanics through Finite Element simulation, Topology Optimisation and modelling. The project is featured in the university's research newsletter, Leading Edge 47/2023. 3. Eujin's work extends knowledge towards Design Guidelines for Additive Manufacturing, focusing on strategies for optimizing part orientation, minimizing overhangs and unsupported structures, enhancing layer adhesion, light weighting, and validating designs through simulations. This expertise led to an invitation to contribute to a book chapter for the ASM Handbook. Other edited books include the Springer Handbook of Additive Manufacturing, A Guide to Additive Manufacturing and Additive Manufacturing - Developments in Training and Education with 176,000, 109,000 and 32,000 respective downloads that underscores research influence. 4. As Chair of the UK National Standards Committee for Additive Manufacturing (BSI AMT/8) and UK Head of Delegation to ISO/TC 261, Eujin shapes global standards for Additive Manufacturing Data and Design. He is also the Convenor for ISO/TC 261/WG4, overseeing the development and publication of standards including ISO/ASTM 52911-1:2019, ISO/ASTM 52911-2:2019 and ISO/ASTM TR 52912:2020. In 2022, he was awarded the Additive Manufacturing Award for Excellence from ASTM International, one of the world’s largest and most established standards creating organisations.  5. He also contributes towards new knowledge on 4D Printing that includes understanding the causal relationship between Additive Manufacturing and the shape changing behaviour of 4D Printed parts, developing a framework for 4D Printing. Papers include a Taxonomy of shape changing behaviours; Understanding the thermo-mechanical effects of shape changing behaviours; Exploring the influence of infill patterns and infill densities on 4D Printing; and Lightweight parametric design optimisation for 4D Printed Parts.  6. He is listed in the 2020 (Version 2), 2021 (Version 3), 2022a (Version 4), 2022b (Version 5), 2023 (Version 6) and 2024 (Version 7) editions of Stanford University's top-cited scientists for research, based on bibliometric information retrieved from Scopus. The data from 1996-2023 shows a h-index of 21 (2023), a Google Scholar h-index of 29 (2024); and a Scopus h-index of 25 (2024). 7. His advisory roles include those for the UK Government Office for Science (Go-Science) for the “Foresight Project on Drivers of Technology Needs” on 4D Printing and Its Impact (2022); and the UK Government Office for Science for Rapid Tech Assessment on 4D Printing (2021) with findings presented to the Technology Strategy Board and to Sir Patrick Vallance, at that time as the Government Chief Scientific Adviser. 8. Eujin is a Member of the Engineering Council Registration Standards Committee (RSC) that publishes procedures, routes and requirements for the UK Standard for Professional Engineering Competence (UK-SPEC). He served as Chair for the Engineering Council Learning Outcomes Task and Finish Group (2023), and served as Chair for the Engineering Council Working Group for Artificial Intelligence (2024). He is involved in advisory roles with the UK’s Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), as a Full College Member on funding prioritization, fellowships, and early-career strategies in manufacturing research. In 2018, he was appointed as a 4th Cohort Member of the EPSRC Early Career Forum in Manufacturing Research that involves participating in EPSRC strategic advisory activities.  Editorial Leadership and Peer Review Excellence  Eujin is the Editor-in-Chief of the Progress in Additive Manufacturing Journal (SpringerNature) and Member of the Editorial Advisory Board for the Rapid Prototyping Journal and the Journal of Robotic Intelligence and Automation. He is an active reviewer for over 15 prominent publications, ensuring the dissemination of high-quality, impactful research within the engineering and manufacturing communities. Standards and Knowledge Transfer Eujin’s involvement with international standards spans across several committees, including serving as Convenor since 2014 for ISO/TC 261/WG4, where he oversees the development of Additive Manufacturing Design and Data standards, and a member of ISO/JTC1/WG12 for 3D Printing and Scanning technologies, and TPR/1/8 for Technical Product Realization. He is an integral member of ISO TC/261's Chairman’s Advisory Group (CAG) and the Steering Group for JG Activities (JAG), where his expertise shapes the future of Additive Manufacturing and digital design. Through Knowledge Transfer Partnerships (KTPs), Eujin bridges the gap between academia and industry, collaborating with companies including BAE Systems Applied Intelligence where projects have garnered global recognition, including a nomination for BAE Systems' Chairman’s Award. Professional Design Career Eujin holds numerous Design awards, including the Wearable Master and Field Trial Winner for the Manchester Numbers That Matter Hackathon (2014), International WorldStar Packaging Award (2014), IDSA IDEA Award (2011), Helen Hamlyn Centre for Design 24 hour Inclusive Design Challenge (2011), Motorola Motofwrd (2006), Opus Eyewear (2006), UK Lighting Competition (2006), RSA Design Directions (2005), Popular Science / Core 77 Security Design Competition (2004) and the President's Furniture award (2003). His work has been published in leading international magazines such as Dwell, Icon, FX International and in national newspapers. He has also been interviewed on BBC Radio Leicester and on Power 98FM. Eujin was invited as a judge for the British Promotional Merchandise Association Design competition in 2010. He has exhibited at an international level, including MagicChef at the Panasonic Centre in Tokyo, Japan (2003); and the Clamplight at the NEC Lighting Show in Birmingham, UK (2007). In 2018, his Soundsphere project was exhibited at the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum which is the only museum in the USA devoted exclusively to historic and contemporary Product Design. He remains a passionate advocate for diversity and inclusion, mentoring students and professionals to embrace equitable design practices. Academic Thought Leadership Eujin’s academic network includes his appointment in 2018 as a Visiting Professor and Erskine Fellow at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand. He is also a Visiting Scientist at South African institutions such as Central University of Technology and at Vaal University of Technology. He also has partnerships with cultural organizations including the Leicester Arts and Museum Service and Leicester Transport Heritage Trust, on separate projects to apply 3D Printing to digitally reproduce and restore historical artifacts. He publishes widely, including the Springer Handbook of Additive Manufacturing that has has had 176,000 accesses since its publication in 2023. He has been invited to deliver Keynote Presentations on Additive Manufacturing and 4D Printing including RAPDASA (2023), Forum France Additive (2023), Progress in Digital and Physical Manufacturing Conference (2021), CASICAM (2021), Cumulus Roma (2021), AMFAIM3D (2019), AMCTurkey (2019), ProDPM (2019), etc. He is open to exploring new collaboration opportunities and advancing the field through consultancy, exchanges and projects. Eujin can be contacted at eujin.pei@brunel.ac.uk. 

Related Research Group(s)

ETC lab

Experimental Techniques Centre - A highly regarded cross-disciplinary characterisation facility, with specialist staff that have expertise from various scientific disciplines, e.g. biology, metallurgy, geology and engineering.


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Project last modified 13/10/2023